10101-10102-10103. Elementary Akkadian I, II, III. (= ANST 22400) PQ: Second-year standing. The first two quarters of this sequence cover the elements of Babylonian grammar and the cuneiform writing system, with reading exercises in Old Babylonian texts (c. 1900 to 1600 B.C.), such as the Laws of Hammurabi. The third quarter introduces Standard Babylonian, the literary language of c. 1200-600 B.C., with readings in royal inscriptions and literary texts. W. Farber, M. Roth, M. Stolper. Autumn, Winter, Spring.

Ancient Anatolian Languages (AANL)

10101-10102-10103. Elementary Hittite I, II, III. (=LGLN 24600-24700-24800/34600-34700-34800) PQ: Second-year standing. This three-quarter sequence covers the basic grammar and cuneiform writing system of the Hittite language. It also familiarizes the student with the field's tools (i.e., dictionaries, lexica, sign list). Readings come from all periods of Hittite history (1650 to 1180 B.C.). Th. van den Hout. Autumn, Winter, Spring.

Arabic (ARAB)

10101-10102-10103. Elementary Arabic I, II, III. This sequence concentrates on the acquisition of speaking, reading, and aural skills in modern formal Arabic. The class meets for six hours a week. Autumn, Winter, Spring.

20101-20102-20103. Intermediate Arabic I, II, III. PQ: ARAB 10103 or equivalent. Autumn, Winter, Spring.

30101-30102-30103. Third-year Arabic I, II, III. PQ: Intermediate Arabic or equivalent. This sequence emphasizes the practice of grammatical structures in Modern Standard Arabic as students further develop their skills in reading, writing, listening, and speaking. F. Mustafa. Autumn, Winter, Spring.

40101-40102-40103. Advanced Arabic Syntax I, II, III. PQ: Three years of Arabic or Consent of Instructor. T. Qutbuddin. (401041-40102) Autumn, Winter.

40355-40356-40357. Readings in Modern Arabic Literature I, II, III. PQ: Three years (or equivalent) of Modern Standard Arabic. This sequence focuses on close reading and textual analysis of selected modern Arabic literary works in the original language. Since the readings change from quarter to quarter and from year to year, a student can take the course more than one time. The readings include works of Arab novelists, short-story writers, playwrights, and poets, mainly from the second half of the twentieth century. Students are expected to participate actively in class and to write short papers, in Arabic, on the readings. There are no examinations. Grades are equally determined on the basis of the papers and class participation. F. Mustafa. Autumn, Winter, Spring.

40410. Early Arabic Papyri. W. Kadi. Winter.

40414. Islamic Heresiography and Sectarianism II. W. Kadi. Winter.

Aramaic (ARAM)

10401-10402-10403. Elementary Syriac I, II, III. PQ: Second-year standing. The purpose of this three-quarter sequence is to enable the student to read Syriac literature with a high degree of comprehension. The course is divided into two segments. The first two quarters are devoted to acquiring the essentials of Syriac grammar and vocabulary. The third quarter is spent reading a variety of Syriac prose and poetic texts and includes a review of grammar. S. Creason. Autumn, Winter, Spring.

20301-20302-20303. Targum I, II, III. PQ: ARAM 10101. Reading and analysis of Targumic texts from the Babylonian and Palestinian traditions. D. Pardee. Autumn, Winter, Spring.

10101-10102-10103. Elementary Modern Armenian I, II, III. (=EEUR 21100-21300/31100 -31300) This three-quarter sequence utilizes the most advanced computer technology and audio-visual aids enabling the students to master a core vocabulary, the alphabet and basic grammatical structures and to achieve a reasonable level of proficiency in modern formal and spoken Armenian (one of the oldest Indo-European languages). A considerable amount of historical-political and social-cultural issues about Armenia are skillfully built into the course for students who have intention to conduct research in Armenian Studies or to pursue work in Armenia.  H. Haroutunian. Autumn, Winter, Spring.

10501. Introduction to Classical Armenian. This course focuses on the basic structure and vocabulary of the Classical Armenian language - Grabar, one of the oldest Indo-European languages. It enables the students to acquire the alphabet, phonology and grammar, to achieve basic reading skills in the Classical Armenian language. Reading assignments include a selection of original Armenian literature. Recommended for students who have intention to conduct research in Armenian or Indo-European Studies, or General Linguistics. H. Haroutunian. Winter, 2006.

20101-20102-20103. Intermediate Modern Armenian I, II, III. PQ: ARME 10103. This three-quarter sequence enables the students to reach an advanced level of proficiency in the Armenian language. The course covers a rich vocabulary and complex grammatical structures in modern formal and colloquial Armenian. Reading assignments include a selection of original Armenian literature and excerpts from mass media . H. Haroutunian. Autumn, Winter, Spring.

30101-30102-30103. Advanced Modern Armenian I, II, III. PQ: ARME 20103 or consent of instructor. H. Haroutunian. Autumn, Winter, Spring.

Egyptian (EGPT)

10102. Middle Egyptian Texts II. PQ: EGPT 10101. This course features readings in a variety of genres, including historical, literary, and scientific texts. H. Papazian. Winter

10202. Coptic Texts. PQ: EGPT 10201. This course builds on the basics of grammar learned in EGPT 10201 and provides readings in a variety of Coptic texts, including monastic texts, biblical excerpts, tales, and Gnostic literature. R. Ritner. Winter.

20102. Introduction to Hieratic. PQ: EGPT 10101-10103 required; EGPT 20101 recommended. This course is an introduction to the cursive literary and administrative script of Middle Egyptian (corresponding to the Middle Kingdom period in Egypt) and is intended to provide the student with a familiarity with a variety of texts written in Hieratic, including literary tales, religious compositions, wisdom literature, letters, accounts, and graffiti. J. Johnson. Winter.

30120. Introduction to Demotic. PQ: EGPT 10201 and/or EGPT 20210. J. Johnson. Winter.

49000. Thesis Research. Staff. Autumn, Winter, Spring.

49900. Research and Reading. Staff. Autumn, Winter, Spring.

Hebrew (HEBR)

10101-10102-10103. Elementary Classical Hebrew I, II, III. (=JWSC 22000-22100-22200, JWSG 30100-30200-30300) The purpose of this three-quarter sequence is to enable the student to read biblical Hebrew prose with a high degree of comprehension. The course is divided into two segments: (1) the first two quarters are devoted to acquiring the essentials of descriptive and historical grammar (including translation to and from Hebrew, oral exercises, and grammatical analysis); and (2) the third quarter is spent examining prose passages from the Hebrew Bible and includes a review of grammar. The class meets five times a week. S. Creason. Autumn, Winter, Spring.

10501-10502-10503. Introductory Modern Hebrew I, II, III. (=JWSC 25000-25100-25200, JWSG 35000-35100-35200, LGLN 20100-20200-20300/30100-30200-30300) This course introduces students to reading, writing, and speaking modern Hebrew. All four language skills are emphasized: comprehension of written and oral materials; reading of nondiacritical text; writing of directed sentences, paragraphs, and compositions; and speaking. Students learn the Hebrew root pattern system and the seven basic verb conjugations in both the past and present tenses, as well as simple future. At the end of the year, students can conduct short conversations in Hebrew, read materials designed to their level, and write short essays. A. Finkelstein. Autumn, Winter, Spring.

20002. Phoenician Inscriptions. PQ: HEBR 20001. Reading and analysis of the inscriptions, primarily on stone and primarily from the Phoenician homeland, that belong to the early and middle first millennium B.C. D. Pardee. Winter.

20104-20105-20106. Intermediate Classical Hebrew I, II, III. (=JWSC 22300-22400-22500, JWSG 30400-30500-30600) PQ: HEBR 10103 or equivalent. A continuation of Elementary Classical Hebrew. The first quarter consists of reviewing grammar, and of reading and analyzing further prose texts. The last two quarters are devoted to an introduction to Hebrew poetry with readings from Psalms, Proverbs, and the prophets. D. Pardee. Autumn, Winter, Spring.

20501-20502-20503. Intermediate Modern Hebrew I, II, III. (=JWSC 25300-25400-25500, JWSG 35300-35400-35500, LGLN 20400-20500-20600/30400-30500-30600) PQ: HEBR 10503 or equivalent. The course is devised for students who have previously taken either modern or biblical Hebrew courses. The main objective is to provide students with the skills necessary to approach modern Hebrew prose, both fiction and nonfiction. In order to achieve this task, students are provided with a systematic examination of the complete verb structure. Many syntactic structures are introduced, including simple clauses, and coordinate and compound sentences. At this level, students not only write and speak extensively, but are also required to analyze grammatically and contextually all of the material assigned. A. Finkelstein. Autumn, Winter, Spring.

20601-20602-20603. Intermediate High Modern Hebrew. Finkelstein, A. Autumn, Winter, Spring.

30601-30602-30603. Advanced Readings in Modern Hebrew I, II, III. Readings in Modern Hebrew beyond the Advanced Modern Hebrew sequence. Wielinski. Autumn, Winter, Spring.

Persian (PERS)

10101-10102-10103. Elementary Persian I, II, III. This sequence concentrates on modern written Persian as well as modern colloquial usage. Towards the end of the sequence the students will be able to read, write and speak Persian at an elementary level. Introducing the Iranian culture is also a goal. The class meets three hours a week with the instructor and two hours with a native informant who conducts grammatical drills and Persian conversation. S. Ghahremani. Autumn, Winter, Spring.

20101-20102-20103. Intermediate Persian I, II, III. PQ: PERS 10103 or the instructor’s approval. This sequence deepens and expands the students' knowledge of modern Persian at all levels of reading, writing and speaking. Grammar will be taught at a higher level and a wider vocabulary will enable the students to read stories, articles and poetry and be introduced to examples of classical literature towards the end of the sequence. Introducing the Iranian culture will be continued. The class meets three hours a week with the instructor and (with enough students) two hours with a native informant who conducts grammatical drills and Persian conversation.  S. Ghahremani. Autumn, Winter, Spring.

30325. Persian Poetry: Mathnavi of Rumi-2. F. Lewis. Winter.

30341. Modern Persian Fiction: Short Stories. F. Lewis. Winter.

Sumerian (SUMR)

10101-10102-10103. Elementary Sumerian I, II, III. PQ: AKKD 10101. Sequence typically begins in winter quarter. This sequence covers the elements of Sumerian grammar, with reading exercises in Ur III, pre-Sargonic, and elementary literary texts. C. Woods. Autumn (10103), Winter (10101), Spring (10102).

Turkish (TURK)

10101-10102-10103. Elementary Turkish I, II, III. This sequence features proficiency-based instruction emphasizing grammar in modern Turkish. The course consists of reading and listening comprehension, as well as grammar exercises and basic writing in Turkish. Modern stories and contemporary articles are read towards the end of the sequence. The class meets for five hours a week. H. Özoglu. Autumn, Winter, Spring.

20101-20102-20103. Intermediate Turkish I, II, III. PQ: TURK 10103 or equivalent. An intermediate-level course in modern Turkish. H. Özoglu. Autumn, Winter, Spring.

30501-30502-30503. Ottoman Turkish I, II, III. PQ: Intermediate Turkish or consent of instructor. A selection of Turkish texts in Arabic script, both printed and handwritten, introduced in order of difficulty, and ranging from the fourteenth to the nineteenth centuries. Texts are drawn from chronicles, official documents, memoirs, poetry, and other genres. R. Dankoff. Autumn, Winter, Spring.

Ugaritic (UGAR)

30108. Ugaritic: The Aqht Cycle. PQ: One year of Ugaritic. D. Pardee. Winter.

Uzbek (UZBK)

10101-10102-10103. Elementary Modern Literary Uzbek I, II, III. This sequence enables students to reach an intermediate level of proficiency in speaking, reading, and writing modern literary Uzbek, the most widely spoken Turkic language after Turkish. Students learn both the recently implemented Latin and the older Cyrillic script versions of the written language, and view audio-video materials in Uzbek on a weekly basis. This course meets five days a week. K. Arik. Autumn, Winter, Spring.

20101-20102-20103. Intermediate Modern Literary Uzbek I, II, III. PQ: UZBK 10103 or proficiency examination. This sequence enables students to reach an advanced level of proficiency in modern literary Uzbek. The curriculum includes a selection of Uzbek literature and excerpts from the written media, as well as audiovisual materials from Uzbekistan. K. Arik. Autumn, Winter, Spring.

30101-30102-30103. Third Year Uzbek I, II, III. PQ: UZBK 20103 or proficiency examination. K. Arik. Autumn, Winter, Spring.

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Part II: Other Courses

Near Eastern Art and Archaeology (NEAA)

20062/30062. Ancient Landscapes II. (=GEOG 25800/35800) The landscape of the Near East contains a detailed and subtle record of the environmental and social processes that have unfolded over the past several thousand years. Systematic analysis of the archaeological landscape therefore offers a unique contribution to our understanding of human history by providing insights into regional-scale changes in population, resource utilization, trade relationships, and environmental interaction. This course will provide an introduction to the methods and theories of regional archaeological analysis, covering topics including geoarchaeology, archaeological survey, and the interpretation of ancient settlement and palaeo-environmental data. While examples will be drawn from many regions of the world, readings and discussion will focus primarily on the archaeology of the Near Eastern landscape, from the emergence of complex societies in the sixth and fifth millennia B.C. to the close of the Early Islamic period in the tenth century A.D. S. Branting. Winter.

20071. Texts in Context: Docu in Arch. M. Gibson. Winter.

20331/30331. Problems in Syro-Palestinian Arch. D. Schloen. Winter.

20532/30532. Problems in Islamic Archaeology: Islamic City. The course will be in two parts: the first will be a series of discussions on archaeological evidence on origins and literature on the Islamic city, beginning with Arabia and carrying through to the Ottoman period. The second part will be a series of discussions on institutions and organization within Islamic cities with detailed examples from the Islamic world. D. Whitcomb. Spring.

29700. Reading and Research Course: Near Eastern Art and Archaeology. PQ: Consent of faculty adviser and counselor of undergraduate studies. Students are required to submit the College Reading and Research Course Form. Staff. Autumn, Winter, Spring.

30125. Seleucid, Parthian, and Sasanian Near East. M. Gibson. Winter.

30160: Funerary Rituals in the Ancient Near East. (=ANTH ) This course introduces students to a general analysis and interpretation of the archaeological data which provides evidence of ancient burial practices in the Near East from the IXth to the Ist Millennium BC. The archaeological evidences related to funerary practices are probably among the most recurring data within any ancient site. But how do we relate this data to the world of the living and how can we understand its social and cultural value? The intent of the course is to guide students through social and cultural analyses, readings, and group discussions of the available archaeological evidences in order to interpret the role played by burial practices as part of a broader discourse linked to the evolution/transformation of the social dynamics of ancient societies in the Levant, Anatolia, Mesopotamia, and Iran. Another topic that will be touched on during the course is the relationship between ritual practices and mythological stories in defining religious beliefs related to the Netherworld among Ancient Near Eastern communities. N. Laneri. Winter.

49000. Thesis Research: Near Eastern Art and Archaeology. PQ: Consent of instructor. This course number may be used for dissertation research and preparation. Staff. Autumn, Winter, Spring.

49900. Reading Course: Near Eastern Art and Archaeology. PQ: Consent of instructor. This course number may be used for graduate-level reading courses on topics in Near Eastern art and/or archaeology. Reading courses are arranged in consultation with individual faculty members. Staff. Autumn, Winter, Spring.

II.  Near Eastern Literature

20015/30015. Persp: Near Eastern Literatures: Ancient Egyptian Lit. This course surveys a variety of ancient Egyptian compositions, paying special attention to the archaeological and social contexts of the texts (many of which were inscribed on tomb and temple walls) and the dynamic interaction between the visual languages of art and writing in ancient Egyptian culture. Texts in English. S. Harvey. Winter.

20411-20412-20413/30411-30412-30413. Medieval Jewish History I, II, III. (=HUMA 23000-23100-23200, JWSC 23000-23100-23200, JWSG 38100-38200-38300) PQ: Consent of instructor. This sequence does not meet the general education requirement in civilization studies. This three-quarter sequence deals with the history of the Jews over a wide geographical and historical range. First-quarter work is concerned with the rise of early rabbinic Judaism and development of the Jewish communities in Palestine and the Eastern and Western diasporas during the first several centuries C.E. Topics include the legal status of the Jews in the Roman world, the rise of rabbinic Judaism, the rabbinic literature of Palestine in that context, the spread of rabbinic Judaism, the rise and decline of competing centers of Jewish hegemony, the introduction of Hebrew language and culture beyond the confines of their original home, and the impact of the birth of Islam on the political and cultural status of the Jews. An attempt is made to evaluate the main characteristics of Jewish belief and social concepts in the formative periods of Judaism as it developed beyond its original geographical boundaries. Second-quarter work is concerned with the Jews under Islam, both in Eastern and Western Caliphates. Third-quarter work is concerned with the Jews of Western Europe from the eleventh through the fifteenth centuries. N. Golb. Autumn, Winter, Spring.

20539/30539. The Renaissance East and West. (=HIST 23100/33100) PQ: Advanced standing. This course examines the Renaissance (ca. 1400 to 1600) as a global rather than purely Western European phenomenon. We emphasize comparison and interaction between Christendom and Islamdom. C. Fleischer. Winter.

20601-20602/30601-30602/20603-30603. Introduction to Islamic Civilization I, II. (=SOSC 22000, 22100, 22200) PQ: Completion of the general education requirement in social sciences. This sequence meets the general education requirement in civilization studies. This three-quarter sequence surveys the social, religious, and cultural institutions of the Islamic world, from Spain to India. We cover the period from the rise of Islam to early modern times. Texts in English.

20602/30602. Introduction to Islamic Civilization II. (=SOSC 22100) The second quarter (roughly 1100 to 1800) surveys Islamic political, social, and cultural development in the eras of the Crusades, the Mongol invasions, and the “gunpowder empires” of the Ottomans, the Safavids, and the Mughals, as represented in works of Arabic, Persian, and Turkish literature (in translation) and the art and architecture of selected regions. R. Dankoff. Winter.

20621-20622-20623/30621-30622-30623. History of the Islamic Middle East: 600 to the Present. (=HIST 25700-25800-25900/35700-35800-35900) May be taken in sequence or individually. This sequence does not meet the general education requirement in civilization studies. This sequence surveys the main trends in the political history of the Middle East (Near East), including North Africa, with some attention to economic, social, and intellectual history.

20623/30623. History of the Islamic Middle East III: The Modern Middle East. (=HIST 25900/35900) The course covers the period ca. 1750 to the present, including Western military, economic, and ideological encroachment, the impact of such ideas as nationalism and liberalism, efforts at reform in the Islamic states, the emergence of the "modern" Middle East after World War I, the struggle for liberation from Western colonial and imperial control, the Middle Eastern states in the cold war era, and local and regional conflicts. H. Shissler. Spring.

20762/30762. Contemporary Central Asia. (=HIST 25600/35600, SLAV 20400/30400) K. Arik. Winter.

20830/30830. Ottoman Palestine 1517-1918. (=HIST 25605) This course will survey political, social, and economic developments in Palestine during the 400 years of Ottoman rule, with a special emphasis on the 19th and early 20th centuries. While surveying the years of Ottoman rule in Palestine, this course will explore specific topics critical for understanding Palestine’s Ottoman era and its legacy such as Ottoman treatment of minorities, modes of rule, economy, the attitude toward Zionist settlement, and more. Y. Ben Bassat. Winter.

20831/30831. From Ottoman Empire to Turkish Republic. (=HIST 25604) This course concentrates on the history of the late Ottoman Empire and the early Turkish Republic, and spans the period of time between 1839 and 1938. It focuses on the political, economic and social problems of a multi-ethnic entity in an age of nationalism; the attempts of reform in the Ottoman Empire and the question of modernization and Westernization; the emergence of Turkish nationalism; the issues around the dissolution of the empire and the foundation of a Turkish nation-state in Anatolia; and the nature of the Kemalist political, economic, and cultural discourses. I. Kaya Sahin. Winter.

20906/30906. The Arab-Israeli Conflict in Literature and Film. (=HIST 26004/36004) How do historical processes find their expression in culture? What is the relationship between the two? What can we learn about the Arab-Israeli conflict from novels, short stories, poems and films? Covering texts written by Palestinians and Israelis, as well as works produced in Egypt, Syria, Lebanon and the United States, the class will attempt to discover the ways in which intellectuals defined their relationship to the “conflict” and how the sociopolitical realities in the Middle East affected their constructions of such term as nation and colonialism. O. Bashkin. Winter.

20907/30907. The Arab Press. PQ: Proficiency in modern Arabic (third year level). The class looks at the ways in which the Arab press shaped, and was shaped by, sociopolitical processes in the Middle East. The class will cover both official and private newspapers and cultural magazines produced by Muslim, Christian and Jewish intellectuals. We will likewise reflect upon the links between the press and such genres as the novel, the autobiography, and the film. More broadly, the class will use the Arab press as a way of thinking about such issues as Arab nationalism, the Arab public sphere, democracy in the Arab world and gender relations. O. Bashkin. Winter.

29700. Reading and Research Course. PQ: Consent of faculty adviser and counselor for undergraduate studies. Students are required to submit the College Reading and Research Course Form. Autumn, Winter, Spring.

29999. B.A. Paper Preparation. PQ: Consent of instructor and counselor for undergraduate studies. Students are required to submit the College Reading and Research Course Form. In consultation with a faculty research adviser, and with the permission of the counselor for undergraduate studies, students devote the equivalent of a one-quarter course to the preparation of the B.A. paper. Winter.

30010. Social Theory and Near Eastern Studies. This course introduces students to the major theorists, terms, and concepts in social theory and the philosophy of history, in relation to the study of the premodern Near East and the ancient Near East in particular. After a brief survey of the main philosophical and social-theoretical trends of the modern period, we will investigate a series of substantive topics (economic, political, and religious) in Near Eastern history and archaeology in light of these trends. Our goal is not a comprehensive review of the evidence and debates surrounding these substantive topics (e.g., trade, kingship, etc.), each of which would merit an entire course in its own right. Rather, we will focus on the socio-historical assumptions and corresponding modes of argumentation that have been typical in Near Eastern studies, in the hope of stimulating an appreciation of the mutual dependence of general theory and particular interpretations of texts and artifacts in the study of past civilizations. Most importantly, this course is intended to foster a self-critical awareness of our need as critical scholars to understand the intellectual origins and underlying presuppositions of our own inherited scholarly traditions, conserving what is valuable in them and reforming them where necessary by making conscious and well-informed theoretical choices, and by defending these choices (as far as possible) on rational grounds. D. Schloen. Winter.

30852-30853. Seminar: The Ottoman World in the Age of Süleyman the Magnificent I, II. PQ: Consent of instructor. Reading knowledge of Turkish, Arabic, Persian, French, Italian, German, Latin, or Greek desirable but not required. First quarter is prerequisite for second. This two-quarter seminar focuses on the transformation of the Muslim Ottoman principality into an imperial entity--after the conquest of Constantinople in 1453--that laid claim to inheritance of Alexandrine, Roman/Byzantine, Mongol/Chinggisid, and Islamic models of Old World Empire at the dawn of the early modern era. Special attention is paid to the transformation of Ottoman imperialism in the reign of Sultan Süleyman the Lawgiver (1520-1566), who appeared to give the Empire its “classical” form. Topics include: the Mongol legacy; the reformulation of the relationship between political and religious institutions; mysticism and the creation of divine kingship; Muslim-Christian competition (with special reference to Spain and Italy) and the formation of early modernity; the articulation of bureaucratized hierarchy; and comparison of Muslim Ottoman, Iranian Safavid, and Christian European imperialisms. The first quarter comprises a chronological overview of major themes in Ottoman history, 1300-1600; the second quarter is divided between the examination of particular themes in comparative perspective (for example, the dissolution and recreation of religious institutions in Islamdom and Christendom) and student presentations of research for the seminar paper. In addition to seminar papers, students will be required to give an oral presentation on a designated primary or secondary source in the course of the seminar. C. Fleischer. Autumn, Winter.

49000. Thesis Research: Near Eastern History and Civilization. PQ: Consent of instructor. This course number may be used for dissertation research and preparation. Staff. Autumn, Winter, Spring.

49900. Reading Course: Near Eastern History and Civilization. PQ: Consent of instructor. This course number may be used for graduate-level reading courses on topics in Near Eastern history and civilization. Reading courses are arranged in consultation with individual faculty members. Staff. Autumn, Winter, Spring.

Near Eastern Languages (NELG)

[includes overviews, linguistic studies, reading courses]

30304. Readings in the Canaanizing Akkadian Tablets from el-Amarna. PQ: 2 Years of Akkadian and basic knowledge of 1 NWS language, or consent of instructor. Review of so-called “Amorite” sources, as well as early alphabetic, Egyptian, and other evidence for Northwest Semitic in the second millennium BCE. R. Hasselbach. Winter.

49000. Thesis Research: Near Eastern Languages. PQ: Consent of instructor. This course number may be used for dissertation research and preparation. Staff. Autumn, Winter, Spring.

49900. Reading Course: Near Eastern Languages. PQ: Consent of instructor. This course number may be used for graduate-level reading courses on topics in Near Eastern languages. Reading courses are arranged in consultation with individual faculty members. Staff. Autumn, Winter, Spring.